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Tools — 02

A frame decides what the picture is about.

The same photograph reads as reportage at 3:2, as fashion at 4:5, and as cinema at 21:9. Choosing a ratio is an editorial decision that happens to require arithmetic — so here is the arithmetic, in three directions.

WidescreenThe same crop, held at 16:9. Change the ratio below and this frame follows.

The three calculations

Platform presets

Ratio → dimension

You know the shape and one side.

810 px high

Result
1440 × 810 px
16:9 — Widescreen
aspect-ratio: 16 / 9;

Dimension → ratio

You have pixels and need the notation.

16:9 Widescreen

Result
16:9 — Widescreen
1920 × 1080 px
aspect-ratio: 16 / 9;

Resize

Keep the proportion, change the size.

675 px high

Result
1200 × 675 px
scale: 0.625×

Live proportion

Reference

RatioNameTypical useExample
16:9WidescreenVideo, presentation, hero banner1920 × 1080
9:16VerticalStories, reels, mobile full screen1080 × 1920
1:1SquareAvatar, feed post, grid tile1080 × 1080
4:5PortraitEditorial portrait, feed post1080 × 1350
3:2Classic 35mmPhotography, print2400 × 1600
4:3StandardLegacy screen, some sensors1600 × 1200
21:9CinemascopeCinematic crop, wide hero2560 × 1097
2:3Editorial portraitMagazine page, poster1600 × 2400

Reference

An aspect ratio is width divided by height, reduced to its smallest whole numbers by the greatest common divisor — 1920 × 1080 reduces to 16:9. To find a missing dimension, multiply the known side by the ratio: height = width × 9 / 16.

How do you calculate an aspect ratio from pixel dimensions?

Divide both dimensions by their greatest common divisor. For 1600 × 1200 the divisor is 400, which gives 4:3.

Reduction is what makes ratios comparable: 1920 × 1080 and 1280 × 720 are different sizes but the same 16:9 shape, and only the reduced form shows that.

How do you resize an image without distorting it?

Keep the ratio constant and solve for the side you do not know. New height = new width × original height / original width.

Rounding is where proportional resizes go wrong. 2560 / 21 × 9 is 1097.14, so a 21:9 frame at 2560px wide is 1097px tall and off by a seventh of a pixel — visible as a one-pixel seam when tiles sit edge to edge.

When should you use the CSS aspect-ratio property instead?

Use `aspect-ratio` in CSS whenever the browser can reserve the space itself, because it prevents layout shift: the box has a height before the image arrives. Combined with width and height attributes on the element, it is the single most effective fix for Cumulative Layout Shift caused by media.

Calculate a fixed pixel size instead when you are exporting an asset, specifying a crop, or handing dimensions to someone else.

Common questions

What aspect ratio is 1920 × 1080?
16:9. Both numbers divide by 120, giving 16 and 9. It is the standard widescreen ratio for video and most displays.
Is 16:9 the same as 1.78:1?
Effectively yes. 16 divided by 9 is 1.777…, which film notation rounds to 1.78:1. The two notations describe the same shape; whole-number pairs are used on the web, decimal-to-one in cinema.
How do I keep an image from causing layout shift?
Set the CSS aspect-ratio property, or the width and height attributes, so the browser reserves the correct box before the file loads. Without it the page reflows when the image arrives, which is counted as Cumulative Layout Shift.